Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer accounts for 3% of all cancers of all localizations. The risk group includes people whose bodies are exposed to risk factors (carcinogens) and who suffer from chronic cystitis.
Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that arises from elements of the inner wall of the bladder.
Risk factors for this disease include
- Smoking
- People with fair skin are more at risk
- Gender: the disease occurs more often in men than in women
- Contact with certain chemicals
- Cancer treatment in the past
- Taking a course of diabetes medications
- Chronic inflammation of the bladder
- Heredity
Symptoms of bladder cancer
An early manifestation of bladder cancer is the discharge of blood in the urine. Against this background (hematuria), there is a progressive decrease in hemoglobin and the patient has anemia.
As bladder cancer grows, urination becomes painful and frequent, with urgency and sometimes difficulty.
The presence of pain in the womb, groin, perineum, and sacrum. Initially, they occur only against the background of a full bladder, then, when the muscle wall and adjacent organs grow, they become permanent.
Compression of the ureteral mouth by the tumor node causes impaired urine flow from the corresponding kidney. In such cases, hydronephrosis develops, an acute painful attack similar to renal colic. When both mouths are compressed, renal failure increases, which can result in uremia.
Some types of bladder cancer with infiltrating growth are prone to disintegration and ulceration of the bladder wall. Against this background, urinary infections (cystitis, pyelonephritis) are easy to develop, and urine becomes purulent and foul-smelling.
Bladder cancer spreading into the rectum or vagina leads to the formation of vesicourethral and vesicovaginal fistulas, accompanied by the corresponding symptoms.
Diagnosis of bladder cancer
- Ultrasound examination of pelvic organs
- Cystoscopy: endoscopic examination of the urethra and bladder under anesthesia. In some cases, with large tumor sizes, computerized and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic organs is performed.
Given that the symptoms of bladder cancer are not specific, only an experienced doctor will be able to detect this disease and determine the cause of blood in the urine. For effective treatment, it is necessary to detect the disease as early as possible.
For the effective treatment of bladder cancer, we use a comprehensive approach that includes surgical treatment.
Removal of bladder tumor by means of transurethral resection of the tumor (TUR of the bladder).
If the tumor has invaded most of the bladder wall, a radical cystectomy is required (removal of the bladder, after which the bladder is artificially formed from the colon or small intestine). Ureteral plastic surgery is a reliable and convenient method of restoring urination naturally.
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