Hydronephrosis (hydronephrotic transformation of the kidney)
In the treatment of hydronephrosis, the timeliness of a patient’s seeking medical care is important. The insidiousness of the disease lies in its frequent asymptomatic course.
If the diagnosis of hydronephrosis has already been established, it is in the patient’s best interest to visit the urologists of the DIEVO clinic as soon as possible and undergo surgical treatment to prevent the kidney from losing its function.
Sometimes the tactic of active monitoring of the patient and the function of the diseased kidney is justified, but the observation should be carried out by urologists who have extensive experience in treating this disease.
Types of hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis can be divided into:
- primary,
- congenital.
Congenital hydronephrosis
It develops as a result of congenital narrowing of the uretero-urethral junction. It is diagnosed in most cases at a young age (under 30 years).
Acquired or secondary hydronephrosis
It develops as a result of a complication of a disease: such as urolithiasis, tumors, trauma.
Stages of hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is divided into stage III:
- At the first stage of hydronephrosis, an enlargement of the renal pelvis (pyeloectasia) is detected.
- Stage II hydronephrosis is characterized by enlargement of the pelvis and kidney cups. At this stage, the kidney tissue begins to suffer (atrophy develops).
- Stage III – the kidney completely atrophies, stops functioning and turns into a thin-walled sac.
Causes of hydronephrosis:
- congenital narrowing of the ureteral segment – the transition of the renal pelvis into the ureter;
- the presence of an additional vessel going to the lower pole of the kidney, which intersects with the ureter and causes obstruction of the latter;
- abnormalities of the ureter (for example, the location of the ureter behind the inferior vena cava);
- presence of stones (calculi) in the lumen of the urinary tract;
- prostate adenoma;
- neoplasms of the ureter and bladder;
- traumatic injuries of the urinary tract, etc.
Diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydronephrosis:
Ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, CT, MRI, radioisotope studies, as a rule, allow not only to detect hydronephrosis, but also to determine the cause of hydronephrosis, as well as to plan surgical intervention.
In the vast majority of cases, surgery is required to treat hydronephrosis. Surgical intervention for hydronephrosis is aimed at eliminating the cause of urine outflow disorders.
If the hydronephrotic transformation is at the initial stage and does not progress, surgical treatment may not be used.
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